Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn What are examples of the cardinal principles of radiation protection select all that apply Chi Tiết
You đang tìm kiếm từ khóa What are examples of the cardinal principles of radiation protection select all that apply được Update vào lúc : 2022-10-08 09:05:25 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Kinh Nghiệm Hướng dẫn trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi đọc nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Admin lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.- Ionising radiation can trigger both deterministic and stochastic effects.
- The aim of radiation protection is to prevent reliably the deterministic effects of radiation and to reduce the risk of stochastic effects to a reasonably achievable level. The dose limit values are set so that deterministic effects are ruled out.
In order to keep the risk of stochastic damage from ionising radiation as low as possible, three general principles have been set out in radiation protection for dealing with ionising radiation:
Nội dung chính- Legal requirement for justification
- Legal requirement for dose limitation
- Limit values for the population
- Limit values for persons occupationally exposed to radiation
- Legal requirement for optimisation
- What are examples of the cardinal principles of radiation protection?
- What is cardinal principle radiation?
- What are 4 ways people are protected from radiation?
- What are the types of radiation protection?
- Justification
- Dose limitation
- Optimisation.
Ionising radiation can trigger both deterministic and stochastic effects. Deterministic effects occur only above the threshold value of a dose. There is no threshold value for stochastic effects.
The aim of radiation protection is to prevent reliably the deterministic effects of radiation and to reduce the risk of stochastic effects to a reasonably achievable level. The dose limit values are set so that deterministic effects are ruled out.
In order to keep the risk of stochastic damage from ionising radiation as low as possible, three general principles have been set out in radiation protection for dealing with ionising radiation. These principles are based on recommendations from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The German Radiation Protection Act and the European Directive 2013/59/Euratom make these principles legally binding:
Legal requirement for justification
Every new application of ionising radiation or each new use of radioactive materials by man must be justified in advance. This legal requirement for justification also applies when, due to new activities, people are occupationally exposed to existing, mostly natural radiation an increased level (for example cosmic radiation during flights or radon in mines or waterworks).
The legal requirement for justification means that new activities are permitted only when they are associated with a reasonable benefit for the individual and for society. In this case, "reasonable" means that the benefit outweighs any health detriment possibly caused by the activity. The legal requirement for justification also means that existing activities are reviewed in case of significant new findings.
In medicine, where ionising radiation is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, we speak of the justifying indication.
The benefit and the possible damage cannot be determined objectively in each case. Therefore, it may not be easy sometimes to justify new activities.
Legal requirement for dose limitation
Doses of radiation that people are subjected to during justified activities must not exceed certain limit values (dose limitation). Different limit values apply for the general population and for persons occupationally exposed to radiation.
Limit values for the population
The limit values for the population determine the maximum total radiation an individual person may receive from justified activities (for example due to the operation of nuclear power plants). These limit values are frequently underpinned by further limit values for certain exposure pathways. Here, an exposure pathway describes the ways that people can be exposed to ionising radiation:
- by inhalation
- by intake through food (ingestion) or
- externally through ambient radiation.
Limit values for certain exposure pathways ensure that the limit values for the effective dose and for the organ equivalent doses are strictly adhered to and that one exposure pathway does not determine the entire exposure.
Limit values for persons occupationally exposed to radiation
For occupational radiation exposure there are different limit values for
- the whole body toàn thân and additionally for body toàn thân organs,
- different periods (month, year, career),
- different groups of people (adolescents, adults, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women).
However, there are no limit values for medical radiation exposure, i.e. for diagnostics or therapy. Here, justifying indication by the specialist doctor and the legal requirement for optimisation apply. Using diagnostic reference values, a guide value is given which – considering the individual patient’s condition – should not be reached or be adhered to as closely as possible.
Legal requirement for optimisation
If an activity that is connected with radiation exposure and contamination is justified, the aforementioned principle of optimisation requires that any unnecessary radiation exposure and contamination be avoided.
Optimisation requires that
- the likelihood of exposure,
- the number of exposed persons and
- the individual dose affecting a person
are kept as low as reasonably achievable (so-called "ALARA principle": As Low As Reasonably Achievable). The current technical state of knowledge as well as economic and social factors are to be considered.
The legal requirement for optimisation also applies when currently effective limit values are adhered to. In this case, according to the ALARA principle, exposure must be kept as far below the respective limit value as possible.
State of 2022.06.25
What are examples of the cardinal principles of radiation protection?
To do this, you can use three basic protective measures in radiation safety: time, distance, and shielding.What is cardinal principle radiation?
For reducing radiation exposure, there are 3 principals: time, distance, and shielding.What are 4 ways people are protected from radiation?
Keeping the time of exposure to a minimum, Maintaining distance from the source, When appropriate, placing a shield between yourself and the source, and. Protecting yourself against radioactive contamination by using proper protective clothing.What are the types of radiation protection?
3 Different Types of Radiation Shielding Materials. Traditional Lead Shielding.. Lead Composite Shielding.. Lead-Free Shielding.. Which Material Is The Best To Use?. Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết What are examples of the cardinal principles of radiation protection select all that apply ALARA Radiation Safety
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